Author: Melissa Pignatelli

The principle of extreme of equality denies diversity, says french philosopher Montesquieu

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In a time where freedom and democracy are debated in different ways, from health issues to ethnical ones, from historical perspectives to philosophical ones, Montesquieu’s reflections on the spirit of equality being very different from the spirit of extreme equality could contribute significantly to the current debates. Montesquieu was a french political philosopher who lived in the XVIIth century and wrote a world famous book called The Spirit of the Laws published in 1750 where he states the following: “As far as the sky is from the earth, so far is the true spirit of equality from the spirit of extreme equality. The former consist neither in making everyone command nor in making no one command, but in obeying and commanding one’s equals. It seeks not to have no master but to have only one’s equal for masters. In the state of nature, men are born in equality, but they cannot remain so. Society makes them lose their equality, and they become equal again only through the laws. The difference between the democracy that is regulated and …

Hybrid cultures and complex worlds: this is the creative reality of our times

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In the transnational global world we are inhabiting the manipulation of local politics is reaching such levels that public opinion seems somehow pushed backwards. In contrast, lessons taught by the late Ugo Fabietti, a pioneering italian anthropologist, unfolded how cultures are hybrids, continuously changing and transforming themselves showing that principles of curiousity and mixing are more typical of human behaviour than what we are drawn to believe. Cultures aggregate and recreate meanings that circulate in everyday lives and mediated worlds, defining and redefining themselves in an ever ongoing process. Nothing is fixed, nothing is pure: cultures follow crossbred logics and inviduals elaborate their own ways to adapt to the environment. This is how Fabietti explains “hybrid cultures” and “cross-bred thinking” in his essay “From Tribal toGlobal”(2000): “Hybrid cultures are the new syntheses, the new profiles, the new landscapes that characterize the contemporary world from a socio-cultural perspective. They are the world’s syntheses, profiles, and landscapes that stem from an encounter – a more and more intense encounter of individuals and groups with different stories, memories, …

Sirian refugee story: Dilovan’s walk to Europe

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“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out true meaning of it is creed”. Dr. Martin Luther King. 28/8/1963 “Me too, Dilovan, I have the dream that one day we can live in peace in my country, Syria, the country that we have lost. Because of a war we do not understand, everyday there are thousands of deaths, no food, no water, no electricity and absolutely no work. I have a bride to take care of and a younger brother. We have Isis on one side, the kurdish army on the other and the sirian state with Bashar Al Assad as the third part, all asking to join in and fight with them. I didn’t like the idea of staying in my city waiting for an Isis raid: it would have been risky especially for my wife, who could have been kidnapped and who knows what else. So, like millions of Syrians who are on my same journey, I decided to try to get to my parents in …

Poetry, Art and Diasporic Iranian Women

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Defining one’s own identity as a diasporic self in foreign country is a complex issue. But poetry came helpful to Shirin Neshat and Maryam Habibian: they used Iranian poet Forough Farrokhzad to express themselves in a context where they hadn’t grown up. In an interesting article Jasmin Darznik explores the legacy of Forough Farrokhzad (1935–1967) in the Iranian American diaspora. The abstract of her study reads: “At once political and poetic, particular and universal, Farrokhzad’s oeuvre has in recent years become a vital coordinate for a number of contemporary Iranian American women exploring issues of gender, faith, social justice, and human rights across historical and cultural boundaries”. She argues “that the imaginative recovery of Farrokhzad by Iranian immigrant women writers and artists not only complicates the West’s frequently reductive contemporary representations of Middle Eastern women, but marks a bold and evolving interface between modernist Iranian literature and contemporary Iranian immigrant literature”. Thus Darnznik makes an interesting point: migrants to the United States working as artists, use the important literary tradition of their own roots for their work of art. …

Global families and the role of migrant mothers

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Italy, like many “advanced” countries, relies on migrant women’s labour to manage modern family lifestyles. The particular phenomenon, yet little studied in the italian immigration scene, is that women’s collaboration in family work, is implemented in ways that engage information technology and has an impact on the organization of the migrant’s original family, and society. In Global Families, Paola Bonizzoni, a researcher at the Department of Social and Political Studies, University of Milan, shows how the weight of the shortage of work, or couple’s problems are often faced with the departure of the woman. Often already a mother, migrant women work in situations that require them to help another’s family life. They experience distress situations due to forced separation from their own children and loved ones. In the transnational migration phenomenon studied by Paola Bonizzoni through the lens of global families, women still seek to maintain active roles in the management of the family of origin, implement complex forms of care; and, balancing suffering with embracing new challenges, still keep a grip on the texture of their …

Red Hornbill Earrings

The meaning of “Beautiful Earrings” for an Ilongot, in the Philippines

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  In the hills of Luzon, in the Philippines, when an Ilongot  puts on red hornbill earrings it is the excepltional sign that he has killed a man. Red, bright and dancing from the upper lobes of the ears, the earrings are both body jewelry and a signal understood by everyone. They are seen as “beautiful”. When the anthropologist Renato Rosaldo of Stanford University, tried to further develop the meaning of “beautiful earrings”, the Ilongot looked at him with a kind of pity: “They’re beautiful, they used to answer, nothing more and nothing less.” Being able to wear those red hornbill earrings, is being able to show your masculinity. The beheading of another human being is, in itself, an expression of power, and not being able to wear “beautiful earrings” on visits and invitation is a problem. The meaning of those beautiful earrings is then shut down in a circular way: earrings show one has killed a man and killing a man means one is able to wear earrings on social occasions. The earrings are …

Our Lady of Vailankanni

Vailankanni in India, the Lourdes of the East

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In Vailankanni, on the Bay of Bengal, in India, more than 5 million pilgrims visit the sancturay of Our Lady of Vailankanni. The Holy place is called the “Lourdes of the East”, resonating one of the West’s most famous marian pilgrimages. Every year, between August 29th and September 8th, more than 3 million people travel from afar to celebrate Mary. ©Melissa Pignatelli 2012